Santorini, Przewodniki i mapy
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ABOUT SANTORINI / ™∞¡∆√ƒπ¡∏
Highlights of Santorini
During your stay on Santorini you will certainly discover many small
treasures on your own; yet we do offer you some proposals which will
make your visit to the island even more interesting:
ñ Pay a visit to one at least of Santorini’s wineries and taste the exceptional
wines produced from the volcanic grounds of the island. Here, you will
sense the grandeur of the Assyrtiko wine.
ñ Taste the local products: cherry tomatoes, fava (split-peas puree), caper,
white aubergine, katsouni (like a type of cucumber) a.o. No matter if
they are prepared in a traditional or modern way, they will offer a unique
taste to your palate.
ñ Enjoy the sunset in Caldera. Akrotiri, Megalochori, Fira, Firostefani,
Imerovigli and Oia offer the same magnificent view!
ñ Wake up early in the morning and take a walking tour from Fira to Oia
following the path on the “eyebrow of Caldera”. In this way, you will
avoid high temperatures which are very common during summer.
ñ On feasts, ask the locals to show you which church or chapel is celebrat-
ing. If you join the festivities, you will dance to the rhythms of the Island
folk music, accompanied by local specialties and plentiful wine.
ñ Renew your love vows with your other half and with magnificent view to
the Caldera sunset!
ñ Keep your ears open to the summer cultural and visual arts events.
ñ Shiny pebbles, unique geological formations, black, white and red sand
compose the magnificent sceneries of the island’s beaches. You will
hardly find such fascinating beaches anywhere else in Greece. Don’t miss
them!
ñ No matter if it is by joining an organized excursion, or renting a boat, a
mini-cruise to the volcano, to the youngest volcanic lands of the Eastern
Mediterranean is certainly worthwhile!
ñ The fact that the Akrotiri Archaeological Site remains closed to visitors is
certainly a blow to archaeology fans. However, there is the alternative of
the Museum of Prehistoric Thera in Fira, while the Ancient Thera in Mesa
Vouno is also of great interest.
ñ In the evening, relax by the sea or with a fabulous view to the Caldera,
together with a glass of Vinsanto. This is the sweetest way to end your
day.
∆· highlights Ù˘ ™·ÓÙÔÚ›Ó˘
∞Ó Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ·Ú·ÌÔÓ‹˜ Û·˜ ÛÙË ™·ÓÙÔÚ›ÓË ı· ·Ó·Î·Ï‡„ÂÙ ηÈ
ÌfiÓÔÈ Û·˜ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡˜ ıËÛ·˘ÚÔ‡˜, Û·˜ οÓÔ˘Ì ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ı· ο-
ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ Â›Û΄‹ Û·˜ ÛÙÔ ÓËÛ› ·ÎfiÌ· ÈÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û·:
ñ ∂ÈÛÎÂÊı›Ù ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ¤Ó· ·fi Ù· ÔÈÓÔÔÈ›· ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡ Î·È Á¢Ù›Ù ٷ ȉÈ-
·›ÙÂÚ· ÎÚ·ÛÈ¿ Ô˘ ·Ú¿ÁÂÈ ÙÔ ËÊ·ÈÛÙÂÈ·Îfi ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ Ù˘ ™·ÓÙÔÚ›Ó˘. ∂‰Ò ı·
Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹ÛÂÙ fiÏÔ ÙÔ ÌÂÁ·ÏÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ·Û‡ÚÙÈÎÔ˘.
ñ ¢ÔÎÈÌ¿ÛÙ ٷ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ÚÔ˚fiÓÙ·: ÓÙÔÌ·Ù¿ÎÈ, Ê¿‚·, ο·ÚË, ¿ÛÚË ÌÂÏÈ-
Ù˙¿Ó·, ηÙÛÔ‡ÓÈ Î.¿.. ∂›Ù ̷ÁÂÈÚÂ̤ӷ Ì ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜, ›Ù Û ÈÔ
ÌÔÓÙ¤ÚÓ˜ ÂΉԯ¤˜, ı· ‰ÒÛÔ˘Ó Ì›· ͯˆÚÈÛÙ‹ Á‡ÛË ÛÙÔÓ Ô˘Ú·Ó›ÛÎÔ Û·˜.
ñ ∞ÔÏ·‡ÛÙ ÙÔ ËÏÈÔ‚·Û›ÏÂÌ· ÛÙËÓ ∫·ÏÓÙ¤Ú·. ∞fi ÙÔ ∞ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈ, ÙÔ ªÂÁ·ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ,
Ù· ºËÚ¿, ÙÔ ºËÚÔÛÙÂÊ¿ÓÈ, ÙÔ ∏ÌÂÚÔ‚›ÁÏÈ ‹ ÙËÓ √›·, ÙÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Â›Ó·È ÂÍ›-
ÛÔ˘ Ì·Á¢ÙÈÎfi.
ñ •ÂÎÈÓ‹ÛÙ ӈڛ˜ ÙÔ Úˆ› Î·È ÂÚ·Ù‹ÛÙ ·fi Ù· ºËÚ¿ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ √›· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘-
ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ¿Óˆ ÛÙÔ ÊÚ‡‰È Ù˘ ηÏÓÙ¤Ú·˜. ŒÙÛÈ ·ÔʇÁÂÙ ÙȘ ˘„Ë-
Ϥ˜ ηÏÔηÈÚÈÓ¤˜ ıÂÚÌÔÎڷۛ˜.
ñ ™Â ̤Ú˜ ÁÈÔÚÙ‹˜ ÚˆÙ‹ÛÙ ÙÔ˘˜ ÓÙfiÈÔ˘˜ Ó· Û·˜ ˘Ô‰Â›ÍÔ˘Ó ÔÈ· ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ‹
͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÁÈÔÚÙ¿˙ÂÈ. ∞Ó ¿Ù ÛÙÔ ·ÓËÁ‡ÚÈ ı· ¯ÔÚ¤„Ù ÓËÛÈÒÙÈÎÔ˘˜ ¯ÔÚÔ‡˜ ÌÂ
ÙË Û˘Óԉ›· ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÒÓ Â‰ÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ¿ÊıÔÓÔ˘ ÎÚ·ÛÈÔ‡.
ñ ∞Ó·ÓÂÒÛÙ fiÚÎÔ˘˜ ·Á¿Ë˜ Ì ÙÔ ¿ÏÏÔ Û·˜ ÌÈÛfi, ÙËÓ ÒÚ· Ô˘ ‰‡ÂÈ Ô ‹ÏÈÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ
∫·ÏÓÙ¤Ú·.
ñ Œ¯ÂÙ ٷ ·˘ÙÈ¿ Û·˜ ·ÓÔȯٿ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ηÏÔηÈÚÈÓ¤˜ ηÏÏÈÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ Î·È ÂÈηÛÙÈΤ˜
ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ.
ñ°˘·ÏÈÛÙÂÚ¿ ‚fiÙÛ·Ï·, ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎÔ› ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎÔ› Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ›, Ì·‡ÚË, ¿ÛÚË Î·È
ÎfiÎÎÈÓË ¿ÌÌÔ˜ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi ÛÎËÓÈÎfi ÛÙȘ ·Ú·Ï›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡.
π‰È·›ÙÂÚ˜ ·Ú·Ï›Â˜ Ô˘ ‰‡ÛÎÔÏ· ı· Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹ÛÂÙÂ Î·È Û ¿ÏÏ· ̤ÚË Ù˘
∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜. ªËÓ ÙȘ ¯¿ÛÂÙÂ!
ñ ∂›Ù Ì ÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤ÓË ÂΉÚÔÌ‹, ›Ù ·Ó ÓÔÈÎÈ¿ÛÂÙ ȉȈÙÈο ÛοÊÔ˜, ÌÈ· Ì›ÓÈ
ÎÚÔ˘·˙Ȥڷ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ËÊ·›ÛÙÂÈÔ, ÛÙË Ó·ÚfiÙÂÚË ËÊ·ÈÛÙÂȷ΋ ÁË Ù˘ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋˜
ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ, Û›ÁÔ˘Ú· ·Í›˙ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÎfiÔ.
ñ °È· ÙÔ˘˜ Ê›ÏÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁ›·˜, Û›ÁÔ˘Ú· ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ï‹ÁÌ· Ô ÎÏÂÈÛÙfi˜ ·Ú¯·È-
ÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ∞ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈ. ∆Ô ªÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô ¶ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈ΋˜ £‹Ú·˜ ÛÙ· ºËÚ¿
fï˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ì›· ÂÓ·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈ΋ χÛË, ÂÓÒ È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ
Î·È Ë ∞Ú¯·›· £‹Ú· ÛÙÔ ª¤Û· µÔ˘Ófi.
ñ ÷ϷÚÒÛÙ ÙÔ ‚Ú¿‰˘, ›Ù ‰›Ï· ÛÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ‹ ›Ù Ì ı¤· ÙËÓ K·ÏÓÙ¤Ú·
·Ú¤· Ì ¤Ó· ÔÙ‹ÚÈ vinsanto. √ ÈÔ ÁÏ˘Îfi˜ ÙÚfiÔ˜ Ó· ÎÏ›ÛÂÙ ÙË Ì¤Ú· Û·˜.
14
15
ABOUT SANTORINI / ™∞¡∆√ƒπ¡∏
Geography
Santorini’s group of islands is consisted of Thera, Thirasia, Aspronisi, Palea
and Nea Kameni (Volcanoes) islands and is located in the most southern
part of the Cyclades in the Aegean Sea, 63 nautical miles north of Crete.
The surface area of Thera is 73 sq. km. and its population, distributed
among thirteen villages, is 13.600 people, according to the 2001 census.
Latitude: from 36 19’ 56’’ to 36 28’ 40’’ N
Longitude: from 25 19’ 22’’ to 25 29’ 13’’ E
History
The human presence on the island seems to be existed since the middle of
the 3rd millennium B.C. The excavation at Akrotiri has confirmed that
man’s activity on the island continues until the eruption of the volcano in
around 1500 B.C., which entirely buried the island beneath very thick
layers of pozzuolona. All traces of human activity vanished from the island
until the end of the 13th century B.C.
According to Herodotus, the island was initially called Strongyle (the
Round One). Later, because of its beauty, it was called Kalliste (the Fairest
One). To Kalliste, came the Phoenicians and there they settled. After the
Phoenicians, the Lacedaemonians arrived and gave the island the name of
°ÂˆÁÚ·Ê›·
∆Ô ÓËÛȈÙÈÎfi Û‡ÌÏÂÁÌ· Ù˘ ™·ÓÙÔÚ›Ó˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi Ù· ÓËÛÈ¿: £‹Ú·,
£ËÚ·Û›·, ∞ÛÚÔÓ‹ÛÈ, ¶·Ï·È¿ Î·È ¡¤· ∫·Ì¤ÓË (∏Ê·›ÛÙÂÈ·) Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÓÔ-
ÙÈfiÙÂÚÔ ¿ÎÚÔ ÙˆÓ ∫˘ÎÏ¿‰ˆÓ, ÛÙÔ ∞ÈÁ·›Ô ¶¤Ï·ÁÔ˜, 63 Ó·˘ÙÈο Ì›ÏÈ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘
∫Ú‹Ù˘. ∏ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ¿ Ù˘ £‹Ú·˜ Â›Ó·È 73 Ù. ¯ÏÌ. Î·È Ô ÏËı˘ÛÌfi˜ Ù˘, ÌÔÈÚ·Ṳ̂-
ÓÔ˜ Û ‰ÂηÙÚ›· ¯ˆÚÈ¿, Â›Ó·È 13.600 ¿ÙÔÌ· (Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÔÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ 2001).
°ÂˆÁÚ. ¶Ï¿ÙÔ˜: ·fi 36 19’ 56’’ ¤ˆ˜ 36 28’ 40’’ µ
°ÂˆÁÚ. ª‹ÎÔ˜: ·fi 25 19’ 22’’ ¤ˆ˜ 25 29’ 13’’ A
πÛÙÔÚ›·
AÓıÚÒÈÓË ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÛÙÔ ÓËÛ› Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ˘‹Ú¯Â ·fi Ù· ̤۷ Ù˘ ÙÚ›Ù˘ ¯ÈÏÈÂÙ›·˜
.Ã. ∏ ·Ó·Ûηʋ ÛÙÔ ∞ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈ ‚‚·ÈÒÓÂÈ fiÙÈ Ë ·ÓıÚÒÈÓË ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· Û˘Ó¯›-
ÛÙËΠ̤¯ÚÈ ÙË ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ¤ÎÚËÍË ÙÔ˘ ËÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Á‡Úˆ ÛÙ· 1500 .Ã. Ô˘ ¤ı·„ ÔÏfi-
ÎÏËÚÔ ÙÔ ÓËÛ› οو ·fi ·¯‡Ù·Ù· ÛÙÚÒÌ·Ù· ıËÚ·˚΋˜ Á˘. ∫¿ı ›¯ÓÔ˜ ·ÓıÚÒÈ-
Ó˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÂÍ·Ê·Ó›ÛÙËΠ·fi ÙÔ ÓËÛ› ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ 13Ô˘ ·È. .Ã.
™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔÓ ∏Úfi‰ÔÙÔ, ÙÔ ÓËÛ› ·Ú¯Èο ÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÙ·Ó ™ÙÚÔÁÁ‡ÏË, ·fi ÙÔ
Û¯‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ Î·È ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ·, ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ Ù˘ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿˜ ÙÔ˘, ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛÙËΠ∫·ÏÏ›ÛÙË, fiÔ˘
Î·È ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ıËÎ·Ó ºÔ›ÓÈΘ. ªÂÙ¿ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ºÔ›ÓÈΘ ¤ÊÙ·Û·Ó ÔÈ §·Î‰·ÈÌfiÓÈÔÈ
Î·È ¤‰ˆÛ·Ó ÛÙÔ ÓËÛ› ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯ËÁÔ‡ ÙÔ˘˜ £‹Ú·. ∆ÔÓ 9Ô ·È. .Ã. Ë £‹Ú·
Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙ·ıÌfi˜ Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏ‹ Ì ÙË ¢‡ÛË Ù˘ ÂÔ¯‹˜ ÂΛӢ Î·È ˘ÈÔ-
16
ABOUT SANTORINI / ™∞¡∆√ƒπ¡∏
their leader, Theras. In the 9th century B.C. Thera, became an important
point on the communication route between the East and the West of that
era and adopted the Phoenician alphabet for writing the Greek language. In
about 630 B.C. Therans reached the north coast of the African continent
where they founded Cyrene, the only Theran colony. During the Classical
period in Greece (5th and 4th century B.C.) Thera did not play an impor-
tant role in Hellenic events. During the Peloponesian War Thera sided with
Sparta, as expected. In Hellenistic times the island’s strategic position made
Thera a precious base from which the warring campaigns of the successors
of Alexander the Great were launched in the Aegean.
Within the Roman Empire, Thera was nothing more than an insignificant
small island. However, Christianity reached early the island and an organ-
ized church was already existed by the 4th century A.C. The island was of
neither political nor military significance in Byzantine times although
Alexius I Comnenus (1081-1118) founded the church of Panagia Episkopi
at Gonia.
After the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade
(1204) the Duchy of Naxos was founded and Thera became the seat of one
of the four Catholic Bishops of the Duchy. The name Santorini was given at
that time by the Crusaders after the church of Aghia Irini (Santa Irene)
ıÂÙ› ÙÔ ÊÔÈÓÈÎÈÎfi ·ÏÊ¿‚ËÙÔ ÁÈ· ÙË ÁÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜. °‡Úˆ ÛÙ· 630
.Ã. ÛÙ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ·Ú¿ÏÈ· Ù˘ ∞ÊÚÈ΋˜ ȉڇÂÙ·È Ë ∫˘Ú‹ÓË, Ë ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ·ÔÈΛ· ÙˆÓ
£ËÚ·›ˆÓ. ∆Ô˘˜ ·ÈÒÓ˜ Ù˘ ∫Ï·ÛÈ΋˜ ∂Ô¯‹˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· (5Ô˜ Î·È 4Ô˜ ·È. .Ã.)
Ë £‹Ú· ‰ÂÓ ¤·ÈÍ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙ· ÂÏÏËÓÈο Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù·. ∆ÔÓ Î·ÈÚfi ÙÔ˘
¶ÂÏÔÔÓÓËÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÔϤÌÔ˘, ηıÒ˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÎfi, Ë £‹Ú· ‹Á Ì ÙÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘
™¿ÚÙ˘. ™Ù· ∂ÏÏËÓÈÛÙÈο ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ë ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋ ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡ ¤Î·Ó ÙË £‹Ú·
ÔχÙÈÌË ‚¿ÛË ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÔÏÂÌÈΤ˜ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ‰È·‰fi¯ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ªÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘
∞ÏÂÍ¿Ó‰ÚÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ∞ÈÁ·›Ô.
™ÙËÓ ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈ· ƒˆÌ·˚΋ ∞˘ÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚ›· Ë £‹Ú· ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ·Ú¿ ¤Ó· ÌÈÎÚÔÛÎÔ-
ÈÎfi ÓËÛ›, fiÔ˘ fï˜ Ô ÃÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ ¤ÊÙ·Û ӈڛ˜ Î·È Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ Ù¤-
Ù·ÚÙÔ ÎÈfiÏ·˜ ·ÈÒÓ· ˘‹Ú¯Â ÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤ÓË ÂÎÎÏËÛ›·. √‡Ù ÔÏÈÙÈ΋, Ô‡Ù ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË
ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÈ΋ ÛËÌ·Û›· Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ›¯Â ÙÔ ÓËÛ› ÛÙ· µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ¿ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·Ú¿ ÙÔ fiÙÈ
Ô ∞ϤÍÈÔ˜ ∞’ Ô ∫ÔÌÓËÓfi˜ (1081-1118) ›‰Ú˘Û ÙÔ Ó·fi Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜ ∂ÈÛÎÔ‹˜ ÛÙË
°ˆÓÈ¿.
ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¿ÏˆÛË Ù˘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ÔÏ˘ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ™Ù·˘ÚÔÊfiÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘
∆¤Ù·ÚÙ˘ ™Ù·˘ÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ (1204) ȉڇıËΠÙÔ ¢Ô˘Î¿ÙÔ Ù˘ ¡¿ÍÔ˘ Î·È Ë £‹Ú· ¤ÁÈÓÂ
Ë ¤‰Ú· ÁÈ· ÙË Ì›· ·fi ÙȘ Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ Ï·ÙÈÓÈΤ˜ ÂÈÛÎÔ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢Ô˘Î¿ÙÔ˘. ∆Ô fiÓÔÌ·
™·ÓÙÔÚ›ÓË ÙÔ ‹Ú ÙfiÙ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ™Ù·˘ÚÔÊfiÚÔ˘˜, ηْ ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›·
Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ∂ÈÚ‹Ó˘ (Santa Irini) Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÛ· Î·È Î·Ù’ ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ·fi
ÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ∂ÈÚ‹Ó˘ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ƒ›‚· Ù˘ £ËÚ·ÛÈ¿˜.
18
ABOUT SANTORINI / ™∞¡∆√ƒπ¡∏
which some say was at Perissa and others say was at Riva on Thirasia. In
the years of Frankish rule (1207-1579) although Santorini experienced the
development of cotton cultivation and viticulture, the island suffered as
much from piratical raids as from the rivalries between the local Latin rulers
or between the Duke and the Sultan.
The Turkish dominion (1579-1821) resulted in the abolition of piracy
and the development of international trade. The Santorinians created close
contacts with the great harbours of the Eastern Mediterranean (Alexandria,
Constantinople, Odessa) where they founded important communities. In
1821, Santorini with its shipping strength, took part in the fight for inde-
pendence from the Turks, and in 1830 became part of the independent
Greek state. Up until the beginning of the 20th century shipping, textiles,
tomato production and viticulture were all flourishing. The change from sail
to steam-driven ships and also the transportation of the island’s factories to
mainland Greece had a great effect on the island’s economy. After the 1956
earthquake there was a huge decrease in the population and an economic
catastrophe. Towards the end of the 70’s tourism began to develop, bring-
ing economic relief to the island.
™Ù· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ºÚ·ÁÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ (1207 - 1579) ·Ú¿ ÙÔ fiÙÈ Ë ™·ÓÙÔÚ›ÓË ÁÓÒ-
ÚÈÛ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Ù˘ ‚·Ì‚·ÎÔηÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·ÌÂÏÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜, ÙÔ ÓËÛ› ˘¤-
ÊÂÚ ÙfiÛÔ ·fi ÙȘ ÂÈÚ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÂȉÚÔ̤˜, fiÛÔ Î·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ·Ó¿-
ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡˜ §·Ù›ÓÔ˘˜ ‰˘Ó¿ÛÙ˜ ‹ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ ¢Ô‡Î· Î·È ÙÔ ™Ô˘ÏÙ¿ÓÔ.
∏ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÈ΋ ηٿÎÙËÛË (1579 - 1821) Û˘ÓÙ¤ÏÂÛ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÔÏ‹ Ù˘ ÂÈÚ·Ù›·˜
Î·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ÂÌÔÚ›Ô˘. √È ™·ÓÙÔÚÈÓÈÔ› ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁËÛ·Ó ÛÙÂÓ¤˜
Û¯¤ÛÂȘ Ì ٷ ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ· Ù˘ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋˜ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ (∞ÏÂÍ¿Ó‰ÚÂÈ·,
∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ÔÏË, √‰ËÛÛfi), fiÔ˘ Î·È ›‰Ú˘Û·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ·ÚÔÈ˘.
∆Ô 1821 Ë ™·ÓÙÔÚ›ÓË Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯Â Ì ٷ ÏÔ›· Ù˘ ÛÙÔÓ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈÎfi ·ÁÒÓ·
ÂÓ·ÓÙ›ÔÓ ÙˆÓ ∆Ô‡ÚÎˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ 1830 ÂÓÙ¿¯ıËΠÛÙÔ ÂχıÂÚÔ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜.
ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ 20Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ· ·ÓıÔ‡Ó Ë Ó·˘ÙÈÏ›·, Ë ÎψÛÙԸʷÓÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·, Ë ÂÂ-
ÍÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙÔÌ¿Ù·˜ Î·È Ë ÔÈÓÔÔÈ›·. ∆Ô ¤Ú·ÛÌ· fï˜ ·fi Ù· ÈÛÙÈÔÊfiÚ· ÛÙ· ·ÙÌÔ-
ΛÓËÙ· ÏÔ›· Î·È Ë ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁÔÛÙ·Û›ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ËÂÈÚˆÙÈ΋
∂ÏÏ¿‰·, ¤ÏËÍ·Ó ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›· ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡.
ªÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ÛÂÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ 1956 Ô ÏËı˘ÛÌfi˜ ÌÂÈÒıËΠÔχ Î·È ˘‹ÚÍ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ-
΋ ηٷÛÙÚÔÊ‹. √ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ Ô˘ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ‰ÂηÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ’70 ¤ÊÂÚÂ
Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ·Ó¿Î·Ì„Ë ÛÙÔ ÓËÛ›.
20
ABOUT SANTORINI / ™∞¡∆√ƒπ¡∏
Santorini, a “window” for volcanology
By Professor Michalis Fytikas*
“vacuum” underneath. This caused the collapse of the central part and the
creation of an enormous “pot” - the today’s Caldera - with a size of 8x4
km and a depth of up to 400 m below the sea level.
Following this explosion, the volcanic activity continued through time
with slower pace, building two islets inside the Caldera, the Palea (Old) and
Nea (New) Kameni. The latter is the newest land in the Mediterranean as
it was formed by lava between 438 and 61 years ago. The round craters,
hot fumaroles, new minerals, and gushing warm multi-coloured water,
impress visitors. The collapse of the central part of the volcano created the
Caldera’s slopes and cliffs, “gremna” as local called them, and it is possible
for visitors to take a tour by sea within the “internal” part-the offspring of
the active volcano. In this way one may come close to the volcano and get
a very realistic picture of its slopes, which stretch in a total length of 25 km
and reach a height of 100-300 m above the sea level, acquiring a better
understanding of its development and the way in which the volcano acted.
The variety of rocks, the alternation of their colours, the way in which they
relate to each other and the details of the volcanic shaping are all extremely
impressive. The natural light that falls on the slopes is different each
moment of the day and offers unique views throughout the year.
The Santorini group of islands is unique as it is probably the only volcano in
the world with its caldera in the sea. All of Santorini’s islands were formed
largely due to the volcanic activity and constitute a compound volcano.
Twelve huge explosions occurred, one every 20.000 years approximately,
during the last period of volcanism. Each violent explosion caused the collapse
of the volcano’s central part and the creation of a large crater (caldera). The
volcano however managed to recreate itself over and over again.
The last large explosion occurred 3.600 years ago (during the Minoan
Age) when the igneous material (mainly ash, pumice and lava stones)
covered the three islands (Thera, Thirasia and
Aspronisi) together with a thriving prehistoric civiliza-
tion, evidence of which was found during the
excavations of Akrotiri in Thera. The huge amount of
new matter did not only create stretches of flat fertile
land, but it is also responsible for the formation of the
well-known external beaches. The solid material and
gases emerging from the volcano’s interior created a big
Professor Michalis Fytikas
ªÂÙ¿, Ë ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋ È· ËÊ·ÈÛÙÂȷ΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· Û˘Ó¯›ÛÙËΠÔχ ÈÔ ‹È·
Î·È ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛ ̤۷ ÛÙËÓ ∫·Ï‰¤Ú· Ù· ÓËÛ¿ÎÈ· Ù˘ ¶·ÏÈ¿˜ Î·È Ù˘ ¡¤·˜ ∫·Ì¤Ó˘.
∏ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙË ÓÂfiÙÂÚË ¯¤ÚÛ· ÁË Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ, ·ÊÔ‡ ÔÈ Ï¿‚˜ Ù˘ Û¯Ë-
Ì·Ù›ÛıËÎ·Ó ÌfiÏȘ 438 ¤ˆ˜ 61 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·fi Û‹ÌÂÚ·.
√È ÎÚ·Ù‹Ú˜, ÔÈ ıÂṲ́˜ ·ÙÌ›‰Â˜, Ù· Ó¤· ÔÚ˘ÎÙ¿, Ù· ˙ÂÛÙ¿ Ôχ¯ÚˆÌ· ·fi Ù·
‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ÓÂÚ¿ Ô˘ ·Ó·‚χ˙Ô˘Ó, ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÈÛΤÙ˜ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô Ó¤ˆÓ
ÓËÛÈÒÓ. ∏ ηٷÎÚ‹ÌÓÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ËÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁËÛ ÙȘ
·fiÙÔ̘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ ∫·Ï‰¤Ú·˜, Ù· «ÁÎÚÂÌÓ¿» ÙˆÓ ÓÙfiȈÓ, Ô˘ οÓÔ˘Ó ‰˘Ó·Ù‹
ÌÈ· ı·Ï·ÛÛÈÓ‹ ÂÚÈ‹ÁËÛË ÛÙÔ «ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi», ÛÙ· ÛÏ¿¯Ó· ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÂÚÁÔ‡ ËÊ·ÈÛÙ›-
Ô˘. ∞ÁÁ›˙ÂȘ Î·È ‚ϤÂȘ ¤ÙÛÈ Ì ڷÁÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ÙË ‰ÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘, ‰È·‚¿˙ÂȘ ÙȘ ÏÂ-
ÙÔ̤ÚÂȘ ÙˆÓ Ú·ÓÒÓ ÛÂ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎfi Ì‹ÎÔ˜ 25 ¯ÏÌ. Î·È Û ‡„Ë 100-300 Ì. ¿Óˆ
·’ ÙÔ ÓÂÚfi, ηٷÓÔ›˜ ÙËÓ ÂͤÏÈÍË Î·È ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ô˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ‡ÚÁËÛ ÙÔ ËÊ·›ÛÙÂÈÔ.
∏ ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ÙˆÓ ÂÙڈ̿وÓ, Ë ÂÓ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ÙˆÓ ¯ÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜, Ë ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜
Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛË, ÔÈ ÏÂÙÔ̤ÚÂȘ ÙˆÓ ËÊ·ÈÛÙÂÈ·ÎÒÓ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÒÓ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó. √
Ê˘ÛÈÎfi˜ ʈÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ Ú·ÓÒÓ Â›Ó·È ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi˜ Û οı ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ Ù˘ ̤ڷ˜ ηÈ
‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› ͯˆÚÈÛÙ¤˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Û’ fiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘.
¢È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÛÙË ÛÙÂÚÈ¿, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· «¯Â›ÏË» Ù˘ ∫·Ï‰¤Ú·˜, Û˘ÌÏËÚÒ-
ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ·fi ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. ªÂÚÈΤ˜ Ê˘ÛÈΤ˜ ÙÔ̤˜ Î·È Ù· ·ÏÈ¿ ÔÚ˘¯Â›·
ÛÙ· ‰‡Ô ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ÓËÛÈ¿ ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È Â›Û˘ ÁÈ· ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛË, Â̤‰ˆÛË Î·È
ÙÂÏÈο ÁÈ· ·fiÏ·˘ÛË Ù˘ ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈ·˜ ÔÈÎÈÏ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ‰ÔÌÒÓ Î·È Û¯ËÌ·-
™·ÓÙÔÚ›ÓË, ¤Ó· «·ÓÔÈÎÙfi» ËÊ·ÈÛÙÂÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ‚È‚Ï›Ô
∞fi ÙÔÓ Î·ıËÁËÙ‹ ªÈ¯¿ÏË º˘Ù›Î·*
∆Ô ÓËÛȈÙÈÎfi Û‡ÌÏÂÁÌ· Ù˘ ™·ÓÙÔÚ›Ó˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ۯ‰fiÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË
ÛÙÔÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ ÂÓfi˜ ËÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ï‰¤Ú· ̤۷ ÛÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. ŸÏ· Ù· ÓËÛÈ¿
Ù˘ ™·ÓÙÔÚ›Ó˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›ÛıËÎ·Ó Î‡ÚÈ· ·fi ÙËÓ ËÊ·ÈÛÙÂȷ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó
¤Ó· Û‡ÓıÂÙÔ ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÌ·. ¢Ò‰Âη ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙȘ ÂÎÚ‹ÍÂȘ, Ì›· οı 20.000 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Â-
Ú›Ô˘, ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ù˘ ËÊ·ÈÛÙÂÈfiÙËÙ·˜. K¿ı ‚›·ÈË ¤ÎÚËÍË Î·-
Ù¤ÏËÁ ÛÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ‚˘ı›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ (ηω¤Ú·˜), ÁÎÚÂÌ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ÎÂ-
ÓÙÚÈÎfi ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ËÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ, Ô˘ ÂÈ̤ÓÂÈ fï˜ Ó· ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÂ›Ù·È Í·Ó¿ Î·È Í·Ó¿.
∏ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ¤ÎÚËÍË ¤ÁÈÓ ÚÈÓ 3.600 ÂÚ›Ô˘ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· (ÛÙË «ÌÈÓˆÈ΋»
ÂÔ¯‹) Î·È Ù· ˘Ú·Îو̤ӷ ˘ÏÈο (΢ڛˆ˜ Ù¤ÊÚ· Î·È ÂÏ·ÊÚfiÂÙÚ·), ÛΤ·Û·Ó Ù·
ÙÚ›· ÓËÛÈ¿ (£‹Ú·, £ËÚ·ÛÈ¿, ∞ÛÚÔÓ‹ÛÈ) Î·È Ì·˙› ¤Ó· ·ÎÌ·ÈfiÙ·ÙÔ ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈÎfi
ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi, ‰Â›ÁÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËΠÛÙȘ ·Ó·Ûηʤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÎÚˆÙËÚ›Ô˘.
∏ ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈ· ÔÛfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁËÛÂ Î·È Â‡ÊÔÚ˜ ‰ÈÓ¤˜ ÂÎÙ¿ÛÂȘ,
·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙȘ ÁÓˆÛÙ¤˜ Â͈ÙÂÚÈΤ˜ ·Ú·Ï›Â˜. ∆· ÛÙÂÚ¿ Î·È Ù· ·¤ÚÈ· Ô˘ ‚Á‹Î·Ó ·fi
Ù· ÛˆıÈο ÙÔ˘ ËÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ, ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁËÛ·Ó ·fi οو ÙÔ˘ ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÎÂÓfi Î·È ¤ÙÛÈ
ÁÎÚÂÌ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÙÌ‹Ì·, οÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÌÈ· ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈ· ¯Ô¿ÓË, ÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹
∫·Ï‰¤Ú·, Ì ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ 8¯4 ¯ÏÌ. Î·È ‚¿ıÔ˜ ̤¯ÚÈ 400 Ì. οو ·fi ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·.
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